![]() I have visited hundreds of gardens in both the UK and the US, and that is one of the points. ‘Cottage gardens are individual, personal expressions. ‘There is no typical cottage garden – and that’s one of the joys of cottage gardening,’ says Margaret Hensel, author of English Cottage Gardening for American Gardeners. No two cottage gardens are the same – your cottage garden ideas will be a reflection of your own tastes as well as drawing ideas from the exterior design of your home. Rooted in the romance of quintessential English garden ideas, cottage garden ideas are a firm favorite and can be found alongside a wide range of house styles. Best of all, it allows for great amounts of self-expression there are very few rules other than a profusion of plants, a love of flowers and a distinct lack of grandiosity,' adds Clare. 'The cottage garden style can be adapted to any garden, whether rural or not, small or large. Plant a mix of the best summer bulbs and the best spring bulbs to ensure a continuous display throughout the warmer months. The beauty of bulbs is that they are perfect for any size of garden, will divide and naturalise over time and also require minimal maintenance. Here, vibrant red tulips interspersed with naturalized grape hyacinths and dots of yellow tulips and daffodils make a painterly palette in this otherwise dead space. ![]() There are many different approaches to landscaping around trees, but bulbs are one of the easiest options. Underplanting your trees with seasonal blooms is a great way to add interest to an otherwise uninspiring part of your garden.
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![]() The visibility of the skyscraper signified commercial success thus, companies often wanted a striking cap or tower-a unique skyline identity. Cities also competed in the height sweepstakes. Corporations wanted to have the tallest building. In addition, the skyscraper is more economical in urban locations where commercial property is expensive.īut the skyscraper also became symbolic. A tall building allows for intense occupancy. For one, they were a practical necessity: to provide residences, to centralize large commercial enterprizes. It's important to consider why skyscrapers were built. Gradually new materials were invented: aluminum in windows, stainless steel for sleek interiors, new kinds of glass. As early as the late 1920s air-conditioning was used. Timber scaffolding was replaced by stronger tubular steel scaffolding.Īnother technical development which made tall buildings feasible was the invention of the elevator, first installed in 1857 the electric elevator dates from about 1889 and by about 1900 the escalator was invented. Not only structural steel, but new construction methods were necessary for the development of the skyscraper, such as steam shovels, cranes, hydraulic jacks, pile drivers, pneumatic hammers, concrete mixers, and a host of other machines-all in use before World War Two. With steel-cage construction, the exterior no longer has a support function so windows can be larger. Metal beams can span great distances and support increased loads. Techniques for making steel, a more refined and stronger iron, led to new possibilities in architecture. The skyscraper is the most important development in 20th century architecture. |
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